The article describes the level of heterogeneity of female representatives of the Scythian culture from the territory of the forest-steppe and steppe Ukraine, clarifies their place among the synchronous female Scythian, Sarmatian groups and series of the Late Eneolithic, Bronze, Timber-grave culture of Eurasia, for that purpose, in particular, new craniological data have been entered into scientific circulation. Three standard techniques were used: craniometry (according to R. Martin), ethnic cranioscopy (which was proposed by A. G. Kozintsev), and craniophenetics (according to the method of A. C. Berry, R. J. Berry, which was tested by A. A. Movsesyan). When interpreting the data, the computer programs by B. Kozintsev and A. Kozintsev were used. In general, after study of the entire array of female burials, both from steppe and forest-steppe Scythia (52 skulls) from the territory of modern Ukraine (except for Crimea), on the skulls of which 12 craniometric features and one index according to R. Martin (1, 8, 20, 9, 45, 48, 55, 54, 51, 52, 77, zm, SS:SC) were preserved, the heterogeneity of women of the Scythian culture was revealed for the forest-steppe of Ukraine. According to its morphology, the studied skull of a 30—40-year-old woman from burial 12 in the village. Medvin, Boguslavsky district, Kyiv region, dated to the 7th — 6th cent. BC belongs to the third, mesocranial, broad-faced craniological variant with a very low calvaria, which after canonical and cluster analyses reveals its similarity to the female mesocranial series of catacomb culture of Ukraine and mesocranial, broad-faced, dated by archaeologists to the 5th — 4th cent. BC. The eastern direction of relations is insignificant and is manifested by the similarity of the fourth, mesocranial (or subbrachicranic), with a high vault of craniological variant to the Sarmatian burials, dating from the 3rd — 1st cent. BC. Principal component analysis and canonical multivariate analysis did not reveal morphological differences between steppe and forest-steppe female skulls.
Source: Dolzhenko Y., Palchyk O. (2022). Craniology of Women of Scythian Culture in the Territory of Ukraine. Scientific Papers of the Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsyiubynskyi State Pedagogical University Series History. 40: 9-33
Source web-site: https://vspu.net/nzhist/index.php/nzhist/article/view/769/762
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